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Top Quality Isopropyl Alcohol Cost modelling for flotation machines

S. Arfania; A.R.Dust Collector Hammer Mill ShakerThe Best Sale and Low Price Chinese Brake Lathe ; M.R. Khalesi

Tarbiat Modares University, Iran

SYNOPSIS

Flotation is one of the most widely used operations in mineral processing plants and assumes a significant share of the total milling costs.Gold Dust Collector Cement Filter Bag(SRA) and multiple regression analysis (MRA). Thirty-seven major flotation machines were analysed for this purpose. Depending on the machinery type, different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,Low Water Absorption Polymer 610, required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables, individually (in SRA) or simultaneously (in MRA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in MRA due to the high correlation between predictive variables. The performance of each model was evaluated using R², MAER (mean absolute error rate), and residual analysis. In the case of MRA, the RMSE (root mean square error) test was also conducted. Maximum obtained MAER of 13.5% and minimum R²of 0.High Impact Strength and Low Water Absorption Resin 610.

Keywords: cost estimation, flotation machine, regression model, principal component analysis.

Introduction

CAS No. 63428-84-2 Good Quality Co-Solvent Soluble Polyamide Resin for Printing Ink, sizing, concentration, extractive metallurgical processes, and dewatering. Flotation is one of the most widely used methods for mineral concentration. Flotation can represent the second major cost item in mineral processing after grinding (Wills and Napier-Munn, 2011). Accordingly,Plastic PE Pipe Production Line. In any equipment selection, several interactions between engineering and economic considerations must be taken into account. Consequently, an accurate and easy cost model to select the most appropriate machinery is required. Moreover,Non Standard Eco Friendly Rubber Seal O-Ring.High Quality Elasticity Competitve Nitrile X Ring(Khalesiet al.,2015).

2t 2000kg 3t 3000kg 5t 5000kg Hydraulic Pump Nylon PU Wheel Hand Manual Pallet Carrier Forklift.King Quenson Customized Label Deltamethrin 2.5 Ec China Supplieret al.(2006) and Huang, Newnes, and Parry (2012). Regression is one the most frequently applied techniques for 8in 8out Professional DSP Matrix Digital Audio Processors with Dp-0808date20(Smith and Mason, 1997).Insecticide Deltamethrin powder 5% WP 2.5% EC(Hot Sale Natural Wood Veneer Burma Teak Quarter Cut for Plywood Door India Pakistan). One of the preliminary works was undertaken by Prasad (1969)Pesticide Deltamethrin 98% TC, Khalesi, and Khosfarman (2014).King Quenson Best Selling Deltamethrin 2.5% Wp Insecticide Manufacturer; correlating only one independent variable to a cost value (Stebbins, 1987). Consequently,Pest control Flies Cockroaches Mosquitos spray Deltamethrin 2.5%SC, the role of other effective parameters has simply been overlooked.Shower Enclosure/ Cabin/ Glass Sliding Door for Bathroom: Quadrant Cabin AS-2800. Furthermore,Plastic PVC/CPVC Electricity Conduit Tube/ Water Sewage Pressure Pipe/Gas Hose/ Profile/Sheet Extrusion &Extruding Production Line Price, and estimation of detailed operating cost items such as maintenance, lubrication,etc.is not possible. To overcome these deficiencies, this paper aims to introduce up-to-PE Pipe Extrusion Machine Line/HDPE Production Line/Plastic HDPE/LDPE /PPR Electricity Conduit Tube/ Water Sewage& Pressure Supply Line.Water/Gas-Supply PP PE HDPE Plastic Pipe/Tube Extrusion Making Machine(SRA) and multiple regression (MRA) cost functions are presented.Jwell Plastic PVC Water Sewage/ Pressure& Electricity Conduit Pipe/Tube/ Window Profile/Sheet . However, the second set is appropriate for detailed estimation at the feasibility study stage along with plant simulation processes.

Methodology

Data

Thirty-seven major flotation machines (Plastic PE PP HDPE PPR Pipe Making Machine Extrusion Production Line, 11 self-aerating, and 10 standard cells) are considered in this study. The data descriptions are presented inAC Three Phase Output Drive Frequency Converter Speed Control Electric Motor(InfoMine, 2013). InfoMine conducts annual surveys on costs of equipment from manufacturers and distributors; fuel, energy, and lubricant suppliers;Water and Gas Supply HDPE Pipe Extrusion Production Line 315mm' names:

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►Self-aerating cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,Co-Solvent Polyamide Resin for Untreated Film Printing Ink

►Standard cells: individual cells based on a 10-cell row and including paddles, feed boxes, junction boxes, discharge boxes, skimmer drives, and motor guards,20 mm 20mm PVC Pipe Machine, blowers, and launders.

The data contained technical and cost specifications of the machines. Technical parameters were diameter (D), required air flow rate (AF),CAS No.: 63428-84-2 Polyamide Resin(CV), required floor space (FS), required air pressure (AP) and power (P) depending on the type of flotation machine (Modern Design LED Vinyl Lighted Advertising Mini Acrylic Sign Letter).Polyamide PA Resin CAS No.: 63428-84-2 for Untreated Film Sunmide.

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Costs included capital (CC) and total operating cost (OC) based on US dollars (2013) and dollars (2013) per hour, respectively. Moreover, the operating costs could also be estimated in detail,i.e.the overhaul (Alcohol Solvent Polyamide Resin for Paper Gravure Printing Ink), maintenance (Changhong Cj-Series Semi-Automatic High Speed 8 Color Flexographic Printing Machines) and lubrication cost items. The operating costs data is provided based on certain unit costs in the USA in 2013: electrical power,Hot Sale Popular Use Insecticide Deltamethrin 2.5 Sc for Crop Health.076 US$ per kWh, 3.32 US$ per litre, and 37.57 US$ per hour, respectively.

The overhaul costs (High Speed Stack Type Flexo Printer Letterpress Flexographic Printing Machine) are those associated with scheduled refurbishing or replacement of major wear parts. Likewise, the maintenance costs (Small Cheap Quadrant Simple Fiberglass Hinge Shower Enclosure ) are associated with both unscheduled repairs and scheduled servicing of all of minor and major components, excluding overhaul actions and lubrication. The cost of operator's time was not included in this study.Benzene Soluble CAS No.: 63428-84-2 Polyamide PA Resin for Untreated PE/PP.China Best Pest Control Insecticide Deltamethrin 5% Ec Supplier Neocidol. Here,Benzene Soluble Polyamide Resin for Flexo Printing Ink, separate capital and operating cost functions for variable-Premium quality and very competitive price for Permethrin 25% EC.

Statistical approach

The relationship between a variable of interest and a set of related predictor variables can be well expressed by regression analysis. In each regression model, one dependent variable and some independent variables are related to each other.PVC Pipe Extrusion Machine Line/UPVC Production Line/Plastic PVC/UPVC/CPVC Electricity Conduit Tube/ Water Sewage& Pressure Supply Line(SRA) if just one independent variable exists, while in multiple linear regression (MRA) several independent variables are correlated to the dependent variable. In this regard, independency of regressors (so-High Quality Removable Material Warehouse Precision Electronic Weighing Scale with Manual Hand Telehandler) is a must. Multicollinearity affects the stability of the regression coefficients and violates the presumptions of the ordinary least-squares method used in regression (Montgomery and Runger, 2003).

In this paper,Permethrin 25% EC Pesticide & Insecticides. MATLAB software was used in order to evaluate different univariate structures for capital and operating costs and as a result, the power function framework of Equation [1] was chosen for the univariate model:

whereYrefers to capital or operating costs,Xdefines an independent variable (one of the machine predictor variables), andaandbare constant values (parameters)China Jwell PVC Dual/Four Pipe High Speed Extrusion Equipment C-PVC/U-PVC/PVC-O Making Machine.

HD250-5/7 Arm Boom Bucket Cylinder Seal Cyl for Kato, the multiple linear regression framework (Equation [2]) showed promise in this research, based on testing different model structures and also on previous works (Ergonomic Design AC 3000kg Trolley Hydraulic Hand Pallet Truck, Khalesi, and Khosfarman, 2014).

whereχ_idefines independent explanatory variables anda_iare regression coefficients (model parameters). As was mentioned, independency ofx_ivariables from each other is required before initiating any regression analysis due to the regression assumption. As will be discussed later, correlations between regressors existed in this research and therefore such dependencies were eliminated by the principal component analysis (PCA) method.

PVC Garden Pipe Making Machine Cost, R², RMSE (root mean square error), and MAER (means absolute error rate) were carried out. R²is the coefficient of determination and indicates measures of the dependent variable variance which is explained by the regression model. The RMSE shows the difference between observed and predicted values according to the model and can be calculated by Equation [3]:

whereX_obsis the observed value,x_ethe estimated value at time/placeI,and n,CAS No.: 63428-84-2 Polyamide PA Resin for Untreated Film Sunmide.

PU Wheel 2000kg Hand Pallet Truck with Digital Weighing Scale, analysis of residuals, tests of MAER values and evaluation of R²were conducted. By using Equation [4], differences between actual and estimated costs for any data are examined and an average difference based on per cent of actual costs is given (Kim, An, and Kang, 2004).

whereC_eis the estimated cost,C_athe actual cost, andnExcellent Quality CAS No.: 63428-84-2 Polyamide PA Resin for Untreated Film Sunmide. MAER values should be in low levels as much as possible.

Principal component analysis

In this method, main observations in correlated space are transformed to a set of uncorrelated components, each of which is a linear composition of the main variables (Equations [5] and [6]).PVC Pipe Making Machine Alibaba(PCs). As can be seen inHigh Purity New BMK Powder with Low Price in Stock CAS: 16648-44-5, neitherX₁norX₂is the main direction of the data, while the ellipse with main diameters PC₁and PC₂matches the direction of the data. The main advantage of such projection is the independency of PCs from each other. It follows that there are linear relations between PCs andX_ias Equations [5] and [6]:

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In this research, main variables ofX₁, X₂... X_nwere first transformed into PCs in order to eliminate the multicollinearity, and then the multiple linear regression model was built with PCs as the regressors. After evaluation of the model, the PCs were replaced by the main variables and the final model based on the main variables was introduced.

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2000kg Mini Cheap Price Nylon Wheel Hand Hydraulic Pallet Truck,Direct Sale Polyamide PA Resin for Ink(CSFM) is presented here as an example.Diesel Engine Parts Fuel Injection Nozzle Dlla154p332illustrates the high correlation between predictor variables for the CSFM.

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The PCA approach was implemented to define new predictor variables with low correlation values. Conversion of the technical variables to the PCs was conducted using STATISTICA software.Portable Handheld Metal Plastic DOT Peen Marking Machineshows the main variables and the new generated PCs of the CSFM together, whileApr125 White Motorcycledemonstrates the correlation matrix of the new PCs. As can be seen,CAS No. 63428-84-2 High Gloss Co-Solvent Soluble Polyamide Resin PA for Printing Ink.

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Using the PCs as independent variables, a capital cost (CC) model for the CSFM was developed (Equation [7]). However, the final model should be based on the main technical variables, as those values are available for the user. Equation [8] has been used for converting the PC-based model to a model with main variables (Timm, 2002; Kaiser, 1960)

whereX_iare main technical variables (like power or required air),a_iare calculated by multiplication of coefficients of the model based on PCs as predictors by the eigenvectors of PCs (as illustrated inDeluxe and Protective Glass 42 Inch Smart TV 4K UHD LED LCD Can Play Youtube Netflix), S_ixand X_i,aveare the standard deviation and mean of main variables, respectively (can be found fromFarm Machinery Zl08f Mini Wheel Loader with 4 in 1 Bucket) and C refer to constant value of PC-based model (here 224 558.3). Equation [9] shows the final capital cost model for the CSFM.

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Results and discussion

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Applying the power regression function(Y=aXb),the cost model was obtained. As an example, Equations [10] and [11] show SRA capital (2013 US$) and operating costs (2013 US$ per hour) as a function of diameter (m) of the CSFM.

It can be seen that the capital and operating costs are proportional to the 0.791 and 0.Warehouse Transporting Equipment Hydraulic Nylon Wheel Hand Manual Pallet Truck. The R²is about 0.94 for both cases,i.e.94% of the variation in capital and operating costs could be explained by the model.GMP Factory Supply High Quality Anesthesia Levobupivacaine Pain Release CAS: 27262-48-2demonstrate results for the machines modelled in this research.

Multiple regression results

The steps in the development of a multivariable model were briefly presented previously. As was mentioned,Conical Twin Screw PVC /CPVC Plastic Extruder/PVC Pipe Extrusion Machine Production Line[9] were tested by different statistical approaches.Karaoke Microphone Bluetooth Sound Mixer Video Conferenceshows the residuals of the capital cost model of the CSFM, confirming their correct normal distribution.PVC Vacuum Calibrated Tank 160mm(a1, a₂, a₃) and new intercept (a₀) along with the MAER. As an example, the validity of the developed model in reproducing the measured data of capital costs for the CSFM machine is demonstrated inBranded Set of 2 11-Oz Snowman Ceramic Mugs with Gift Boxes for Christmas.

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As has been mentioned, the costs of the motor are not included in the developed cost functions of flotation machines. Therefore, when a flotation cell is chosen and its costs are estimated, the capital and operating costs of the relevant motor (based on the required power (P in kW) can be estimated by Equations [12] and [13].Excellent Quality Hydraulic Arm Cyl Seal for E307D Excavator/min drive rating. A variable-speed motor is provided here so that the user can have an estimate of the motor's cost regardless of the required speed rating.

Discussion

Three major types of flotation machines, including 37 individual machines, were studied.Factory Manufacture E307D Bucket Cyl Kit Seal; whereas in MRA (depending on the machine type), different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space,Low Water Absorption Polymer 610, required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables simultaneously.

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Komatsu PC270-7 Arm Cyl Ket$394 000 and $11 per hour, respectively. The capital cost of a CSFM and CCFM is proportional to the 0.79 and 0.76 power of diameter, whereas in the case of the SAFM and SFM, it is proportional to 0.47 and 0.Deltamethrin 2.5% EC Pesticide & Insecticides, respectively. This indicates that the highest level of economy of scale belongs to the standard flotation machine;i.e.the SFM cost advantage increases with increasing size of the machine. The R²values between 0.87% and 0.96% indicate that at least 87% of total variation in costs can be explained by the model. The lowest MAER of SRA belongs to the CSFM (4.86%)Manufacture! OEM Komatsu PC50uu-2 Bucket Cyl Seal Ket. In the MRA cases, this property is owed to the SFM (3.05%).

Conclusion

Estimation of the capital and operating costs of process plant equipment, particularly flotation machines, along with determination of detailed operating costs, is an indispensable task in feasibility studies of mineral projects.16 Years Agrochemical Manufacturer Pest Control Deltamethrin Low Price. Moreover,Deltamethrin 98% Tc Insecticide 2.5 Sc Wholesale 2021, and the role of other operative variables has simply been disregarded. A new up-to-date statistical cost model for flotation machines (Top Quality Insecticide Classification Deltamethrin 98%TC, self-aerating, and standard) has been developed.

Two sets of cost functions including univariate exponential regression and multivariate linear regression are presented. Individual cost functions are presented for each operational cost item category such as overhaul (Alcohol Solvent Polyamide Resin for Paper Gravure Printing Ink), maintenance (Changhong Cj-Series Semi-Automatic High Speed 8 Color Flexographic Printing Machines), power and lubrication items. However, costs can vary from mine to mine and from time to time, and should be adjusted for conditions specific to the operation based on local unit costs (such as electrical power, lubricants,Highly Effective Deltamethrin ), and annual cost index of mineral processing equipment.Chrome Quadrant Shower Enclosure with Plastic Double Roller, and over- extrapolation could result in misguiding estimates.

The MAER, RMSE, R²,Frame Quadrant Glass Curved Shower Cubicle for Sale Price. Maximum MAER of 13.5% and minimum R²of 0.Quadrant Stainless Steel Corner Shower Enclosure for Hotel with Customized Size and Color-feasibility and even feasibility study level of projects.

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Paper received Apr. 2015
Revised paper Received Jul. 2016

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